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Medhealth Review

Breakthrough: Skin Cancer Drug Targets Unveiled Through Shape-Shifting Cancer Cell Discovery

Cancer cells, like adaptable chameleons, can alter their shape to navigate the body and spread—a process known as metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms that trigger these shape changes have remained elusive. In a groundbreaking study published in *Cell Reports*, researchers from The Institute of Cancer Research (London) and Imperial College London have unveiled two critical genes that govern how melanoma skin cancer cells morph in response to their surroundings. These discoveries offer promising drug targets to halt cancer progression.

Cancer cells exhibit remarkable versatility. They can transform into drill-shaped forms, allowing them to penetrate dense tissues like bone, or adopt a round, squishy configuration to slip through soft tissues and infiltrate the bloodstream. Understanding how cancer cells sense their environment and choose the appropriate shape is crucial for devising effective treatments.

Professor Chris Bakal, an expert in Cancer Morphodynamics at The Institute of Cancer Research, emphasizes the challenge of treating metastatic cancer once it has spread to different parts of the body. The research sheds light on the strategies employed by cancer cells to sustain growth and dissemination. Specifically, the study identifies two genes– TIAM2 and FARP1—that play pivotal roles in melanoma cell shape changes.

Traditional research has primarily focused on cells cultured on flat, rigid 2D surfaces. The team revolutionized this approach by creating a 3D system that mimics various bodily environments. Using a cutting-edge microscope called stage-scanning oblique plane microscopy (ssOPM), they captured 3D images of melanoma cells either adhered to flat surfaces or embedded within soft collagen hydrogels. By analyzing 60,000 cells with specific genes “switched off,” the researchers pinpointed TIAM2 and FARP1 as key players. These genes regulate melanoma cell shape changes in response to their surroundings. Importantly, TIAM2 and FARP1 emerge as potential targets for preventing melanoma metastasis.

Both TIAM2 and FARP1 share structural similarities with other proteins targeted by existing drugs in pre-clinical development. Leveraging this knowledge, scientists can explore novel therapies to inhibit melanoma’s shape-shifting abilities.

The research team is developing AI-based technologies that predict drug efficacy using 3D cell images. This approach could accelerate drug development by streamlining the identification of promising candidates.

In summary, unraveling the genetic choreography behind cancer cell shape changes opens exciting avenues for personalized therapies and improved patient outcomes. The dance of discovery continues, guided by the rhythm of science and the promise of hope.

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